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}} "Echoes" is a composition by Pink Floyd including lengthy instrumental passages, sound effects, and musical improvisation. Written in 1970 by all four members of the group (credited as Roger Waters, Richard Wright, Nick Mason, David Gilmour on the original release), "Echoes" provides the extended finale to Pink Floyd's album ''Meddle''. The track has a running time of 23:31 and takes up the entire second side of the vinyl recording. It also appears in shortened form as the fifth track on the compilation album which took its name, ''Echoes: The Best of Pink Floyd''. "Echoes" is the third-longest song in Pink Floyd's catalogue, after "Atom Heart Mother" (23:44) and the combined segments of "Shine On You Crazy Diamond" (26:01). Unlike those pieces, it is not explicitly divided into separate parts; however, the composition was originally assembled from separate fragments, and was later split in two parts to serve as both the opening and closing numbers in the band's film ''Live at Pompeii''. It retains the title as the longest song by Pink Floyd that is not split into parts. The first part was used to open the band's 1987-90 A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour. ==Composition== Each verse of the song follows a pattern of three strophes. The composition uses many progressive and unconventional musical effects. The ping sound heard at the beginning of the song was created as the result of an experiment at the very beginning of the ''Meddle'' sessions. It was produced through amplifying a grand piano, played by Richard Wright, and sending the signal through a Leslie rotating speaker. Most of the song's musical passages are in the key of C-sharp minor. At seven minutes in, a funk progression in the tonic minor begins. David Gilmour used the slide for certain sound effects on the studio recording, and for the introduction in live performances from 1971-75. A throbbing wind-like sound is created by Roger Waters vibrating the strings of his bass guitar with a steel slide and feeding the signal through a Binson Echorec. The high-pitched electronic 'screams', resembling a distorted seagull song, were discovered by Gilmour when the cables were accidentally reversed to his wah pedal.〔 After observing the song being created, Nick Mason noted, "The guitar sound in the middle section of 'Echoes' was created inadvertently by David plugging in a wah-wah pedal back to front. Sometimes great effects are the results of this kind of pure serendipity, and we were always prepared to see if something might work on a track. The grounding we'd received from Ron Geesin in going beyond the manual had left its mark."〔 The "choral"-sounding segment at the end of the song was created by placing two tape recorders in opposite corners of a room;〔Harris, John: „The Dark Side of the Moon. The Making of the Pink Floyd Masterpiece“, Da Capo Press 2006, p. 74: „“We had two stereo tape machines on either side of the room,” says Leckie. “We put the tape on the first machine, and then ran it maybe five feet across the room on to a second machine, with both of them recording. The signal started on the first machine, and much as eight or nine seconds later, it would come out of the next one—and then feed back. You could sit there for hours, with everything you played being repeated; and after a while, incredible things would start to happen. The abstract bit at the end of “Echoes”—the part that sounds kind of ''choral''—was done like that.”“〕 the main chord tapes of the song were then fed into one recorder and played back while at the same time recording. The other recorder was then also set to play what was being recorded; this created a delay between both recordings, heavily influencing the structure of the chords while at the same time giving it a very "wet" and "echoey" feel.〔 Harmonic "whistles" can be heard produced by Richard Wright pulling certain drawbars in and out on the Hammond organ. Rooks were added to the music from a tape archive recording (as had been done for some of the band's earlier songs, including "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun"). The second half of the song where Gilmour plays muted notes on the guitar over Wright's slowly building organ solo was inspired by The Beach Boys song "Good Vibrations".〔 This muted guitar riff is in 12/8 time, while most of the song is in 4/4. Also, the "whale call" section is in free time. The song concludes with an ascending (rising) Shepard-Risset glissando. In an interview in 2008 with Mojo, when asked who had composed Echoes, Wright stated he had composed the long piano intro and the main chord progression of the song. In the same interview he confirmed that Waters wrote the lyrics. Gilmour has claimed in interviews that the music came mainly from him and Wright.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Echoes (Pink Floyd song)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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